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Objective: Soon after two massive earthquakes in Kumamoto, Japan, on April 14 and 16, 2016, the Shirakawasuigen pharmacy located in the Minamiaso village received prescriptions for disaster medications. Since prescriptions for disaster medications are typically used at temporary emergency shelters, pharmacies usually do not receive requests for them. On checking the content of these prescriptions, we found numerous prescription errors and queries. This study aimed to assess issues with dispensing medications after disasters.Methods: We reviewed all disaster medication prescriptions received by the pharmacy from April 20 to May 28, 2016 and the medication histories of these patients. We confirmed each patient’s data and medical and medication histories. Furthermore, we classified disaster prescription errors and queries into five categories according to their content and summed them in each category.Results: We obtained patients’ medical and medication histories from 100 (77.5%) of the 129 prescriptions received. Of the 129 prescriptions, a total of 158 prescription errors and queries pertaining to 96 (74.4%) prescriptions were confirmed: 88 (55.7%) for unclear medication usage and dosages, 22 (13.9%) for incorrect medication names, 34 (21.5%) for pharmaceutical queries, 8 (5.1%) for exceeding fixed prescription days (within seven days), and 6 (3.8%) for other issues.Conclusion: Nearly 80% of the prescriptions for disaster medications had prescription errors and queries. Therefore, we evaluated that the prescription’s format and entry method can be improved. Furthermore, to ensure a smooth drug supply and to reduce prescription entry deficiencies and formal prescription queries, pharmacists need to effectively manage disaster prescriptions.
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Objective To study the impact of earthquake disasters on the mental health of military medical personnel during emergency rescue. Methods Three hundred military medical personnel who participated in the emergency rescue of earthquake disasters in five military hospitals in Shaanxi Province were selected as the study subjects, and their mental health levels were analyzed using the Mental Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results In this survey, a total of 300 SCL-90 questionnaires were issued, 300 were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100%. Only 30.67%(92/300) of people participated in emergency disaster rescue during investigation, 31.33% (94/300) had psychological problemsafter arriving in the earthquake-stricken area after one week, such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and horror. SCL-90 scores were 0.45±0.03, 1.13±0.13, 0.79 ±0.08, 1.07±0.09, 1.01±0.14. The psychological stress response rates of the emergency response of military medical staff of different characteristics were different. Among them, the stress response rates of military personnel with different degrees (specialty, bachelor or above) and whether they have participated in rescue work were 74.07% (40/54), 21.95% (54/246), 15.22% (14/92), 38.46% (80/208).The difference was statistically significant (χ2=55.913,16.018, P<0.01). Conclusions The medical staff of the army participating in the earthquake disaster rescue has psychological pressure due to many injuries, environmental risks, lack of supplies, etc. The medical unit should provide adequate training in theory and practice to its personnel and focus on the mental health of rescue workers, give timely psychological counseling to ensure the successful completion of the rescue.
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In April 10, 2010, an earthquake measuring magnitude 7.1 shocked Yushu County,Qinghai province. For medical rescue, the National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team was sent to Yushu right away. Rescue work in Yushu was faced with such difficulties as short preparative time, heavy workload, high exposure to various acute high altitude diseases (AHAD), and a number of other diseases frequently found on the cold plateau. To ensure the rescue work a success, the team took a series of measures including efficient preparative procedure, scientific and logical procedure in the emergency medical aid operations, reliable and effective handling of AHADs, along with sufficient self protection for team members.
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Objective To study the correlation between the rescue time and the spot survival rate.Method The data of spot-rescued victims in a large public place of Dujiangyan City from 14:35 on May 12,2008 to 11:40 on May 15,2008 were analyzed.The searched-out victims included the spot death and spot survival,and they were statistically analyzed with Chi-Square test and Partitions of X2 method in order to find out correlation between rescue time and survival rate.Results Out of the 366 spot-rescued victims from the ruins,87 ones survived and the spot survival rate was 23.77%.The spot survival rate in the first 24 hours was much higher than that in the second 24 hours(X2=22.62,P＜0.0125)and that in the third 24 hours(X2=37.84,P＜0.0125),and no obvious difference in the spot survival rate between the second and the third 24 hours was found(X2=1.92,P＞0.0125).The first 24 hours was further divided into 3 periods in equal length of time in order to find more subtle differences in early rescue.The spot survival rates in the first and the sccond 8 hours were much higher than that in the third 8 hours(x2=19.33 and 7.11,respectively,P＜0.012 5)while there was no statistical difference in the spot survival rate between the first 8 hours and the second 8 hours(X2=1.75,P＞0.012 5).Conclusions The"golden time"for spot rescuing the victims is the first 24 hours after seismic disaster,the chances to find the survivals is decreasing as the time elapsing.The earlier spot rescue starts in the first golden24 hours,the higher spot survival rate of the seismic victims will be.
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Objective Preview and triage is significantly important in treating a large number of the wound-ed patients. Method From 12 May to 25 May, 2008, 2171 wounded patients from Wenchuan Earthquake weretaken to the Central Hospital of Mianyang. According to the injury degree, all the wounded were classified into se-vere, moderate and minor injuries, and wore red, yellow and blue label on the wrists (those who died in a shorting change, intramuscular injection of TAT after skin test. Emergency medical records, including examination re-sults and treatment time, were completed for each wounded. The severe wounded were transferred to the relevantried out in 985 wounded, 1418 wounded hespitalized, 13 died in emergency room within two weeks after earth-quake. Only 9 died of combined injury and 4 died of severe cerebral injury. Conclusions The preview and triagelet the emergence treatment effective for a large number of earthquake patients.
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Objective To explore the function of intensive care unit (ICU) in earthquake disaster. Mothod ICU in tent set by doctors from Second Military Medical University and Sichuan Jiangyou People's Hospital in 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake disaster. The value of ICU in tent was estimated by retrospective analysis of the experi-ence of emergency treatment for the critical injuries. Results Inside ICU in tent,there were many critical patients successfully rescued, including a soldier with septic shock, a casualty with traumatic shock during aftershock, a middle school student with crush injury and cornpartment syndrone, a peasant trapped under mined buildings for 168 hours with capillary leak syndrome, and a traffic victim and an aged patient with cardiac arrest. Patients after replatation of severed limb and patients after thoracic operation were monitored. Teaching rounds in the wards and logistics health drilling were made as well. Conclusions ICU in tent as a place where the critical casualties and patients after major operations could be rescued,cared for and monitored successfully,as well as the venue of teach-ing activity and logistics health drilling.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore an emergency drug supply mechanism for women and children’s special hospital during earthquake disaster. METHODS: The practice of drug supply in our hospital after "5?12" Wenchuan earthquake was analyzed. RESULTS: The daily and post-earthquake medicine supply of the hospital was guaranteed,including the drugs which supply to the medical treatment rescues team in the disaster area;and the principle and approach of emergency drug supply in women and children's special hospital during earthquake disaster has been established. CONCLUSIONS: The emer-gency drug supply in women and children’s special hospital should cover drugs used for wounded women and children in addition to those special drugs used for earthquake injuries. All the links including drug plan,drug purchase,quantity monitoring and drugs needed for rescue should be considered in detail to form a fast and smooth hospital emergency drug supply mechanism.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide information for carrying out pharmaceutical care for future emergency relief work. METHODS: Based on our own experiences,the pharmaceutical care-related work involved in the medical relief in "May?12" Wenchuan earthquake was investigated and analyzed summarily. RESULTS: Scientific emergency plan could create order for the busy relief work,and creative work could make up the deficiency of the plan. It is advisable to attach great importance to the role of the clinical pharmacists in the earthquake relief work. Good command and powerful measures contribute to the smooth proceeding of emergency medical rescue. CONCLUSION: The pharmaceutical care plays an important role in the emergency medical rescue.
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Objective To define the stages of medical rescue after earthquake or tsunami disaster and their significance.Method Three stages of medical rescue were defined according to the clinical features of diseases in 3-37 days after earthquake or tsunami in Pakistan and Indonesia.The classification of diseases was based on the criteria of disaster medical rescue set by World Health Organization.Five diseases including injuries/wounds,acute upper respiratory tract infection,acute hemorrhagic enterocolitis,acute enterecolitis and other diseases of internal medicine except epidemic or suspected epidemic diseases were employed to define the stages of disaster medical rescue.Results Injuries/wounds mainly occurred in 6 days after disaster.The incidences were 61.45% to 79.52% and 61.48% to 72.35% in Pakistan and Indonesia,respectively.The incidence of acute upper respiratory tract infection reached to a considerably high rate one week after disaster.Other diseases usually appeared one week later with incidence of 33.93% to 71.11% and 31.50% to 52.11% in Pakistan and Indonesia,respectively.The rate of acute hemorrhagic enterocolitis was 2%o in Indonesia whereas 35‰of acute enterocolitis was found in Pakistan.Conclusion Three stages of disaster medical rescue could be well defined.(1)Early or critical stage(in 6 days after disaster):Treatment of injuries/wound and resuscitation was the primary step to deal with.(2)Intermediate of subaeute stage(7-30days following disaster):The incidences of various kinds of diseases increased and more medical resources were needed in order to treat the upper respiratory tract infection and to lower the disable rate,and to prevent the prevalence of epidemic diseases.(3)Later or recovery stage(1-3months after disaster):The general condition of victims became even better than that of those affected by commonly occurred local diseases,and during this period,there were shortages of medical facilities and medical personnel.Therefore,supplement of medical resources was required.The well defined stages of medical rescue have an important significance for medical rescue teams to treat victims and prevent epidemic diseases more efficiently and timely,and also provide a guidance of scientific basis for the logistics officers of local government as well as our government to make a proper and reasonable distribution of medical resources,and dispatch and arrangement of medical rescue teams.This guidance also helps to make victims re- reliant.